联合国：2018年大气温室气体水平再创新高

据海湾时报网站11月25日消息 联合国星期一表示，作为气候变化主要驱动力的大气中的温室气体水平去年创下了历史新高，联合国呼吁采取行动保护“人类未来的福祉”。

世界气象组织负责人Petteri Taalas在一份声明中表示：“尽管在《巴黎气候变化协定》下做出了所有承诺，但大气中温室气体浓度没有放缓的迹象，更不用说下降了。”

世界气象组织主要的年度温室气体公报列出，2018年的大气二氧化碳浓度为407.8百万分之一，高于2017年的405.5百万分之一（ppm）。

这一增幅略高于过去十年的年均增幅。

世界气象组织表示，其他两种主要温室气体，甲烷和氧化亚氮的浓度也在2018达到了创纪录的水平。

气象组织表示，这种持续的长期趋势意味着未来几代人将面临气候变化日益严重的影响，包括气温上升、极端天气增多、水资源紧张、海平面上升以及海洋和陆地生态系统受到破坏。

排放量是决定温室气体水平的主要因素，但浓度率是衡量大气、生物圈、岩石圈、冰层和海洋之间一系列复杂相互作用后所剩下的量。

目前，约25%的排放物被海洋和生物圈吸收（地球上所有的生态系统）。

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）曾表示，为了使全球变暖保持在1.5摄氏度以下，二氧化碳净排放量必须为零，这意味着无论是通过自然吸收还是技术创新，向大气中注入的二氧化碳量必须与被清除的二氧化碳量相等。

吴恒磊 编译自 海湾时报

原文如下：

Greenhouse gas levels in atmosphere hit new high in 2018: UN

Greenhouse gases levels in the atmosphere, the main driver of climate change, hit a record high last year, the UN said Monday, calling for action to safeguard ‘the future welfare of mankind’.

‘There is no sign of a slowdown, let alone a decline, in greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere despite all the commitments under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change,’ the head of the World Meteorological Organization Petteri Taalas said in a statement.

The WMO's main annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin listed the atmospheric concentration of CO2 in 2018 at 407.8 parts per million, up from 405.5 parts per million (ppm) in 2017.

That increase was just above the annual average increase over the past decade.

Concentrations of the other two main greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide, also hit record levels in 2018, WMO said.

‘This continuing long-term trend means that future generations will be confronted with increasingly severe impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, more extreme weather, water stress, sea level rise and disruption to marine and land ecosystems,’ WMO said.

Emissions are the main factor that determine the amount of greenhouse gas levels, but concentration rates are a measure of what remains after a series of complex interactions between atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere and the oceans.

Roughly 25 percent of all emissions are currently absorbed by the oceans and biosphere -- a term that accounts for all ecosystems on Earth.

The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has said that in order to keep warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, net CO2 emissions must be at net zero, meaning the amount being pumped into the atmosphere must equal the amount being removed, either though natural absorbtion or technological innovation.